Restructuring Document
The Need for Restructuring
In Reframing Organizations (Jossey-Bass, 1991), Bolman
and Deal note that organizations tend to resist major restructuring as
long as possible. But if institutional circumstances change and the organizational
structure does not, pressures build that cannot be ignored. The pressures
may be caused by changes in the environment, technology, political climate,
or leadership, or by continued growth of the organization. All of these
changes have occurred at Lane Community College since the last major restructuring.
The Environment
At the federal level, policies are now being considered that may provide
significant funding for welfare reform and displaced timber workers, and
major changes have occurred in federal regulation for financial aid and
services to the disabled. On the state level, the passage of Measure 5,
combined with the failure of Measure 1, has resulted in a bleak funding
outlook for the general operations of Oregon community colleges. Lane faces
increasing demands for its services at the same time that resources are
declining. There are environmental pressures moving the college toward
increased cooperation with high schools (education reform) and workforce
agencies (the Workforce Quality Council). Our students will find themselves
in rapidly changing environments. The long-term projection is that 90 percent
of all jobs will be in knowledge-dependent services, requiring workers
with enhanced communication, teamwork, interpersonal and leadership skills.
Technology
With their emphasis on technical education and training, community colleges
are among the most sensitive of educational institutions to changes in
technology. Since the last restructuring at Lane, the 'electronics revolution'
has occurred in the automobile, heavy equipment and aviation industries;
computer-assisted design and manufacturing have transformed industry; and
new technologies generally threaten to outstrip the college's ability to
keep up in such fields as health, business and communications. Internally,
the college has moved to a new software system for administrative applications,
with attendant change and disruption. Computers and other forms of advanced
technology will play a central role in students' future personal and professional
lives. Students who enter Lane have increasingly sophisticated computer
skills and expect to have access to the latest computer technology .
The Political Climate
Prior to the passage of Measure 5, the college was dependent primarily
on the local voter for resources. Increasingly, the college must look to
state and federal sources for funding, and must secure expanded non-public
support. With the shift in funding sources, there is a shift in control
from primarily local to primarily state and federal. The state political
climate is much more important to Lane now than it was even a few years
ago. If the federal government is able to move funding away form defense
into education, then the federal government's influence on education is
likely also to increase.
College Leadership
The current Lane president took office in March, 1990 and since that
time there has been a complete turnover in leadership at the vice-president
level. Only one board member has been in office more than five years. At
the same time, the college is trying to move toward shared decision making
and shared leadership.
Growth
Lane reached its highest enrollment ever last year. Beyond the obvious
increases in student enrollment, there are shifts in enrollment from primarily
full-time to primarily part-time; from younger to older students; and from
non-credit to credit, especially transfer. The classified staff is still
growing, while contracted faculty and management numbers are more stable.
Increasing student demands for classes, together with a lack of stable
funding to support new full-time positions, has led to a rapid increase
in the number of part-time faculty.
Lane must change to accommodate and adapt to the challenges noted above.
To continue to be a strong, effective community college, Lane must rethink
nearly everything it does, and every staff member will need to consider
how to perform his/her job in new ways that are more efficient and effective.
Some Caveats
The new structure should maintain the strengths of the institution,
and should not, if at all possible, create new problems.
Lane has many strengths, among them the following:
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A commitment to student success
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An innovative spirit
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A tradition of quality teaching and learning
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A sense of pride in the institution
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A tradition of heroic individualism
Others could be added to the list, but the point is that there is much
at Lane that must be protected and nurtured. This is not to say that 'if
it ain't broke, don't fix it.' The essence of a quality organization is
a willingness to improve constantly, never to be satisfied with the status
quo.
Restructuring can accelerate our progress, but it cannot solve all,
or even most, of our challenges. Restructuring--changing who reports to
whom--has a profound effect in bureaucracies. in the new, more flexible,
less bureaucratic organization that Lane must become, restructuring is
only the first step toward re-engineering our processes, renewing our work
relationships, and refocusing our energies. We must learn to work together
better.
A Vision of the Future
Lane Community College provides a quality learning experience in
a caring environment. Each of the words in this simple statement is
carefully chosen.
A community College is meant to be more than a loose assemblage of people
either working at or attending a single institution. It is a body of people
having common interests and common principles. The common interests are
quality and learning; the common principals are the Unifying Principles
that appear on posters through the buildings. Lane endeavors to :
Respect the individual
Provide quality learning experiences
Commit to excellence
Promote a sense of achievement
Communicate openly
Manage with goals
Connect with our community and
Develop a sense of community ownership
In the words of the American Association of Community College's Building
Communities, 'The building of community, in its broadest and best sense,
encompasses a concern for the whole college, for integration and collaboration,
for openness and integrity, for inclusiveness and self-renewal.'
Lane is centered on learning and will assume new responsibilities
only when they involve learning. Not all learning occurs in the classroom
or lab, but can take place through KLCC, a public radio station in the
Lane Community College districts, or Elderhostel or a number of other non-classroom
activities. Most learning will occur through either education or training.
Everyone at Lane--students, staff, etc.--must be engaged in learning. The
organization must be a learning organization, 'an organization that
is continually expanding its capacity to create its future' (Peter M. Senge, The Fifth Discipline).
The widespread interest in total quality, continuous quality improvement,
and re-engineering is bases on the idea that quality need not cost more.
it can, in fact, cost less if people work in teams to streamline and improve
processes.
A high quality leaning experience can only be provided by a college
devoted to service that meets the needs of customers, both external (students
and other beneficiaries) and internal (staff are each other's customers).
We will achieve high quality service by focusing on customer needs and
desires as measured through research and evaluation, and by focusing on
customer needs and desires as measured through research and evaluation,
and by strengthening the many processes that compose Lane (admissions,
scheduling, curriculum development, etc.). Learning experiences will be
evaluated by measuring student outcomes.
Lane is to be caring community. People have an absolute need
for connections with others, for support systems, for social bonding. A
caring community meets this need and actively opposes isolation, fragmentation
and divisions among people. in a caring community, faculty, managers, classified
staff, and students care about each other and work as a team to strengthen
learning on campus.
Organizational restructuring is only the beginning of change at Lane.
The vision outlined here requires changes in fundamental values, changes
in the way we work and in our work relationships, and training for all
employees. Fulfillment of this vision is a long-term project to which we
must dedicate ourselves for years to come. Success in this venture will
depend on our combined commitment to intensive on-going staff training;
examining our internal policies and procedures, changing those that hinder
service to students; and changing our reword systems to encourage behaviors
that support the values of teamwork, quality and service.
Characteristics of the New Organization
What will be the nature of the new Lane, the Lane of the future? Many
have shared their ideas, most of which are incorporated here.
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Above all, Lane must put the learner first by shifting more and more to
a learner-focused organization. This means that our structure should help
customers and clients accomplish their goals as easily as possible. In
some cases, this means organizing around whole processes; in others, this
means that our structure must be transparent to those who use our services
and must not cause obstacles.
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We need to enhance our service to each other; internal customers are as
important to our success as students or community members.
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Change must be built into our organization; we must become a learning organization.
Bureaucracies are not amenable to change. Organizations that move routine
decision making and problem solving to work teams are better able to adapt
to continual change. We must break down the walls between department by
designing our processes and services around teams that cut across artificial
organizational lines.
- Our concept of a 'job' must change as well. As we move away from the narrowly-defined
jobs that are characteristic of a bureaucracy, workers will be empowered
to expand their roles. Individual employees will be able to perform all
steps in an entire process. As the college changes, its processes will
change as well and employees will need to learn and relearn new skills.
- Our ideas of management and supervision must change. As employee groups
are empowered to problem-solve and make decisions in their work areas,
managers must learn to be coaches, advisors and consultants rather than
'bosses' and day-to-day decision-makers. Work teams will assume responsibility
for results and be rewarded on the basis of outcomes. Managers will coordinate
work teams and facilitate their work. Information must be shared freely
and frequently across clusters and work teams. We must work closely with
leadership from the unions to facilitate these kinds of changes.
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While work teams that cut across the organization will be the norm, we
still need a structure to maintain order. instead of separate branches,
we must organize around teams and groups that support each other without
encouraging territorial barriers. In reorganizing, we must reassess workloads
and reallocate personnel to balance current resources with the needs of
the organization.
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We must put more emphasis on training and socialization of Lane employees.
We must expand our new employee orientation to include a thorough explanation
of the mission, goals and values of Lane. The new Lane which is described
here will require ongoing training for new knowledge, expertise and skills.
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Finally, it is clear that we must rely more and more on technology to help
us do our jobs. In order to do that, our organization must facilitate cooperation
and collaboration among the various units that provide and support the
use of technology.
The success of these organizational changes relies on a fundamental shift
in our values. Real responsibility, accountability and rewards must be
given to work teams. We must reward risk taking, tolerate honest mistakes,
and treat occasional failures as learning experiences. Problems and operational
tasks will not always be passed on to vice presidents or the president;
Executive Cabinet will be freed to address large-scale projects and institution-wide
policies and issues.
We must change our attitudes towards rules and procedures: rules should
be de-emphasized in favor of a single vision to guide our work. Rules and
procedures must all be evaluated on the basis of certain decisions and
actions must be held accountable for following institutional strategies
as well as maintaining compliance with externally-imposed rules and regulations.
Administrative support areas must act as enablers in these processes. Finally,
we must evaluate performance on the basis of outcomes and results; everyone
must be held accountable for accomplishing our mission and goals.
Criteria for Restructuring
The proposed restructuring should be measured against the following
criteria. Does the change....
1. Enhance student learning in a caring environment?
2. Improve service by
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Clarifying access to programs or services for students or to the public
an/or
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Clarifying access for Lane staff?
3. Combat fragmentation or duplication of services or programs?
4. Enable employees involved in a particular work process to work as
a team?
5. Improve decision making by ensuring broad and appropriate input?
6. Balance workloads fairly and appropriately?
7. Enhance efficiency and/or effectiveness (streamline)?
8. Enhance flexibility and responsiveness to the community?
9. Support a strategic long-term direction?
We must reject any change that...
1. Could potentially do serious harm.
2. Incurs a cost greater than its benefit.
3. Makes processes more difficult for students and staff.
4. Could not be explained clearly in the local media.
The Proposed Structure
After May 17, 1994 there will be no more administrative 'branches" in
the current sense, because the tree metaphor suggests a bureaucracy with
secondary parts growing from a main part. It is difficult to develop a
new style of organization while using old terms and thinking in old ways.
The proposal is to divide Lane into four groups or dynamic assemblages
of similar teams. The four groups are: Instructional Services Group, College
Operations Groups, Executive Services Group and Student/Learner Services
Group.
Within the groups, similar departments are grouped together into clusters
(e.g. Arts and Communication, Enrollment Services) so that the public and
Lane staff will have clearer access to services, and so that areas of duplication
can be addressed. While the departments in the clusters will retain their
identities, they will be encouraged to become part of a new, larger whole.
Categories that now divide us (credit vs. non-credit, transfer vs. professional-tech,
etc.) will be de-emphasized in favor of greater collaboration and flexibility.
We will work toward developing values and rewards for collaboration and
common goals among disciplines, departments and support functions. Shared
planning among and within cluster groups will become the norm and will
result in 'shared agendas' that will provide enhanced learning opportunities,
customer service and quality to our students and community.
Instructional Services Groups
Roughly equivalent to a combination of what was formerly instruction
and Community and Economic Development, this group exists to provide quality
learning experiences. Because it is a large group, it will be lead by two
vice presidents who will work together as a two-person team, dividing up
their responsibilities themselves with advice from others throughout the
organization. They will facilitate teaching and learning through ten clusters,
six of which are based on the Endorsement Areas (the CAM strands) adopted
by the State Board of Education.
The departments listed within the ten clusters will maintain their identities
and current leadership. However, as department-head positions become vacant
through retirement or attrition, the college will explore combining disciplines
or will move, where practicable, towards true team leaders and lead faculty.
For now, the clusters will meet as teams on a regular basis, plan together
and propose team budgets.
College Operations Group
Based on the current Administrative Services branch, the COG will add
several services from other branches and will be lead by a vice president.
The group exists to provide quality services to staff and to ensure as
caring environment.
Executive Services Group
Based on the current President's Office, Executive Services will lead
and facilitate the new structure.
Student Services Group
Based on the current Student Services branch, Students Services exists
to provide quality services to learners and to ensure a caring environment.
It consists of three clusters.
Strategic Teams
Members of the aforementioned groups and clusters will hold parallel
responsibilities in matrix teams (cross functional, vertically integrated
teams in which members will pool their efforts in support of key, ongoing
institutional directions). The teams and their changes are listed below:
Existing Teams Enrollment management--focuses on promoting
student success and retention
International Education--enables teachers and learners to participate
in a global society
Legislative Action--ensures that Lane maintains an active an
effective effort to inform key external decision-makers of the college's
needs
Marketing Council--focuses on improving access to the college
through the two-way flow of information between the college and its community
and customers
Staff and Organizational Development--ensures that employees
have the skills necessary to succeed in their work environment
Transitions--supports internal groups and individuals in transition
as a result of institutional changes
Future Faculty--develops a vision and plan for Lane's faculty
of the future
Resource Development--supports and facilitates efforts to obtain
and administer grants, contracts and gifts that support the college's mission
Priority New Teams
Technology--ensures that teachers, staff and learners have access
to and are trained in relevant, up-to-date technology; ensures that technology
supports the operations of the college
Diversity--ensures that the college supports ethnic and social
diversity
Other New Teams
High School Relations/Education Reform--ensures that Lane works
closely with area high schools to support a seamless educational system
Quality improvement--monitors the quality of instruction and
services and coordinates quality-improvement projects (includes accreditation
activities)
Quick Response--ensures that Lane works closely and effectively
with area workforce agencies in support of Oregon's workforce goals
Project Teams
Project teams will be formed on an ad hoc basis to address specific
organizational matters: service problems, service enhancements, new directions,
etc. They may be formed by the president, by matrix teams, by other project
teams, by governance groups or by clusters or work groups. They will be
given a specific task and a deadline. Often they will address whole work
processes in an effort to improve them.
Governance Groups
A move toward teams and empowering teams is a natural extension of Lane's
philosophy of shared decision making. The formation of cluster teams, strategic
(matrix) teams and project teams expands shared decision-making into administrative
areas of the college.
As empowered teams become the norm, Lane will need to reexamine its
governance structure. For now, no change is proposed in the governance
groups (College Council, Faculty Council, Classified Council, etc.) College
Council will retain its role as the major planning body for the college
and as the primary group for formulating and recommending college policy
to the president. Faculty and Classified councils and ASLCC will continue
to focus on issues and activities of importance to their constituents.
Timelines and Plans
Plans will be developed for orientation and organizational development
activities, and job descriptions for managers will be revised to support
the new structure./ Organizational development activities will focus on:
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Teams and Teamwork
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Coaching skills for managers
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Process improvement tools and techniques
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Facilitation of meetings
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Conflict resolution
The Lane Community College of the Future
The Lane of the past was a highly successful organization, thanks to
strong community support and the hard work of its employees. There is evidence
that in the future not only the hard work but also a different kind of
work will be necessary for success. The college must change to adapt to
a new and highly dynamic environment. It is often the most successful organizations--in
the 1960s General Motors, IBM, Exxon, etc.--that are slowest to change
when change is needed. Lane must not make that mistake.
The most important characteristic of the Lane of the future must be
quality. In the past, quality was achieved by hard work and by pouring
more resources into a problem or effort. In the future, quality cannot
be a function of resources: we must learn to use re-engineering and continuous
quality improvement to achieve higher quality at lower cost. We must examine
each of our processes to ensure that they are meeting learners' needs.
We must work as efficiently as possible.
The Lane of the past had many qualities of a bureaucracy. The Lane of
the future must instead be a high performance work system. In place of
bureaucratic rules we must establish guiding visions: no more rules should
be specified than are absolutely necessary. Whenever we encounter variations
from the ideal, we must review the total process to improve it (not establish
new rules). Employees will need to be more flexible and adaptive and learn
to work in teams. To support these teams, information must be even more
accessible: data must be shared, and employees must become even more accountable
and the college will continue to strengthen its accountability to its local
board of education, state-level agencies, and the legislature.
The most important activities at Lane are teaching and learning. All
of us maintain this central focus, and ensure that we provide quality learning
experiences. Above all, we must care--about quality instruction, about
Lane, about learners, about each other. An institution that provides quality
leaning experiences in a caring environment has nothing to fear from the
future.
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